Multichannel Phase Calibration for Linear Array Based on Extended <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\omega K$</tex-math> </inline-formula> Algorithm and Minimum-Entropy Method

Abstract

Millimeter-wave imaging techniques have been used for security inspection at important checkpoints. With the increase of working frequencies of the imaging systems, the precise multichannel phase calibration becomes more and more important. Most of the traditional algorithms are used for the calibration of passive receiving antenna array, based on the signal model of far-field plane wave. However, the near-field spherical wave model should be utilized for the active wideband near-field imaging applications. Consequently, the traditional calibration algorithms cannot be used in wideband near-field imaging systems. The metal plate is usually employed for the calibration of wideband near-field imaging systems, but the precision is very sensitive to the flatness of the surface of the metal plate, which will result in additional phase error after calibration. In this letter, a multichannel phase error estimation and calibration method is proposed for the wideband linear array system. By using an extended $\omega K$ algorithm and the minimum-entropy method, the additional phase error of each channel after preliminary calibration is estimated and calibrated. Simulations and experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.