Multicenter experience in translumbar type II endoleak treatment in the hybrid room with needle trajectory planning and fusion guidance

Abstract

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of treating type II endoleaks (T2Ls) after aortic endovascular repair with image guidance translumbar puncture using intraoperative cone beam computed tomography with preprocedure computed tomography angiography fusion in hybrid operating rooms. MethodsTwenty-six consecutive T2L patients in three different institutions were treated between March 2015 and September 2017 by direct translumbar puncture of the abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) sac after previous endovascular aortic repair. All patients were treated at a single setting in a cardiovascular hybrid operating room with a workstation featuring needle trajectory planning and guidance software. Aneurysm sac size change from the index treatment, freedom from recurrent endoleak after treatment, demographics, risk factors, and procedure factors were analyzed with univariate analysis. ResultsAll patients (N = 26; 19 male, 7 female; age range, 59-95 years; mean body mass index, 27.44 ± 3.06 kg/m2) underwent treatment for AAA sac expansion or symptoms. Four patients had failed to respond to previous catheter-directed T2L treatment. The most common risk factors included hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, coronary artery disease, tobacco use, and diabetes. Time to initial endoleak diagnosis ranged from 2 to 1914 days (average, 404 days). Aneurysm size after initial repair was 60.3 ± 7.5 mm; sac size had increased 10.1 ± 6.5 mm at the time of treatment. Onyx (Medtronic, Irvine, Calif) or glue (n-butyl cyanoacrylate) and coil embolization was used in 20 cases, and 6 patients were treated with coiling alone. There was no difference between the patients treated with coils alone and those treated with coils or glue (P > .05) in terms of freedom from failure. Total procedure time was 75.9 ± 40.7 minutes; contrast material volume, 19.9 ± 29 mL; fluoroscopy time, 13.74 ± 12.2 minutes; and radiation dose, 121.16 ± 167.7 mGy. After embolization, the mean sac diameter decreased by 2.2 mm to 67.5 ± 9.8 mm. Average follow-up period was 214 days. In 19 patients, the sac reduced in size between 0.2 and 19.1 mm per 100 days; in 2 patients, there was continued AAA expansion (3.4-4.3 mm per 100 days); there was no change in the sac size in 5 patients after the procedure. There were no AAA ruptures during the study period. Once T2L was treated, the recurrence rate was low at 11.5%. ConclusionsThis initial multicenter evaluation of the effectiveness of fusion image-guided translumbar obliteration of T2L demonstrated that the technique was effective at all three study centers and showed excellent efficacy to reduce AAA sac size. This may become a more effective and efficient method of treating T2L compared with transarterial or transcaval embolization because of its high success rate and technical ease.