Multibiologism: An anthropological and bioethical framework for moving beyond medicalization.

Abstract

Recent approaches in the medical and social sciences have begun to lay stress on "plasticity" as a key feature of human physiological experiences. Plasticity helps to account for significant differences within and between populations, particularly in relation to variations in basic physiological processes, such as brain development, and, in the context of this article, daily sleep needs. This article proposes a novel basis for the redevelopment of institutions in accordance with growing awareness of human variation in physiological needs, and articulates a theory of multibiologism. This approach seeks to expand the range of "normal" physiological experiences to respond to human plasticity, but also to move beyond critiques of medical practice that see medicine as simply responding to capitalist demands through the medicalization of "natural" processes. Instead, by focusing on how the institutions of U.S. everyday life-work, family, and school-structure the lives of individuals and produce certain forms of sleep as pathological, this article proposes that minor alterations in institutions could result in less pathologization for individuals and communities. Multibiologism provides a foundation for shared priorities in the social sciences, in bioethics, and in medical practice, and may lay the groundwork for emergent collaborations in institutional reform.