Abstract
In this work toward a sustainable operation of a self-powered wireless sensor, we investigated a multiband Wi-Fi/3G/4G/5G energy harvester based on a novel wideband circularly polarized antenna, a quadplexer, and rectifiers at four corresponding bands. This proposed antenna consisted of four sequentially rotated dual-dipoles, fed by a hybrid feeding network with equal amplitude and an incremental 90° phase delay. The feeding network was composed of three Wilkinson power dividers and Schiffman phase shifters. Based on the sequential rotation method, the antenna obtained a −10 dB reflection coefficient bandwidth of 71.2% from 1.4 GHz to 2.95 GHz and a 3 dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 63.6%, from 1.5 GHz to 2.9 GHz. In addition, this antenna gain was higher than 6 dBi in a wide bandwidth from 1.65 GHz to 2.8 GHz, whereas the peak gain was 9.9 dBi. The quad-band rectifier yielded the maximum AC–DC conversion efficiency of 1.8 GHz and was 60% at −1 dBm input power, 2.1 GHz was 55% at 0 dBm, 2.45 GHz was 55% at −1 dBm, and 2.6 GHz was 54% at 0.5 dBm, respectively. The maximum RF–DC conversion efficiency using the wideband circularly polarized antenna was 27%, 26%, 25.5%, and 27.5% at −6 dBm of input power, respectively.
Highlights
Wireless sensors have recently been used in a variety of applications, including smart homes, human health monitoring and personal medical care, animal surveillance, food safety, and infrastructure monitoring [1]
To construct a Circularly polarized (CP) antenna array based on the proposed antenna element, a sequential phase rotated feeding network is required
At those bands with half-power beamwidths (HPBW) of roughly 63.6◦, 57.9◦, 51.9◦, and 47.5◦, respectively, the antenna was more focused toward the director
Summary
Wireless sensors have recently been used in a variety of applications, including smart homes, human health monitoring and personal medical care, animal surveillance, food safety, and infrastructure monitoring [1]. Because the power density of a single frequency is low, a single-band rectenna is no longer suitable In another approach to increase the efficiency and harvested power of rectennas, wideband antennas were used [6,7]. Multiband energy harvesting can improve the amount of harvested energy These works necessitate a huge load or achieve low conversion efficiency at a low-input power density. That rectenna can operate in just one single band; it is difficult to supply self-powered wireless sensors due to the low power density of Wi-Fi. the need for a circularly polarized, wide-band, high gain antenna to increase ambient RF energy harvesting efficiency and power has to be addressed. 2.51 GHz and the peak gain wad 5.7 dBi. This study presents a wideband circularly polarized dual-dipole antenna utilizing a progressively rotated approach.
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