Abstract
The aim of this paper is to analyze the construction materials (mortars) of an architectural monument (Deserted Tower (Lilly Tower) from Corvins’ Castle, Romania). The mortars were characterized following a multidisciplinary approach, combining macroscopic observation with petrographic microscopy, mineralogical analysis (X-ray diffraction) and elemental analysis (X-ray fluorescence), hydric properties, and color of representative samples of the monument. The results revealed the use of gypsum mortars (produced by lumps with higher Fe content), with minor concentrations of crystalline dolomites of the Southern Carpathians, calcite, and quartz. The materials’ effective porosity and their water absorption capacity were high. A possible solution to consolidate the damaged area with some consolidation products (hydroxyapatite carbonate and its derivatives with Ag and Sr) was investigated, too. The interactions between the mortar’s specimens and the effectiveness of the consolidation treatments were evaluated by physico-chemical analyses (molecular structure by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF), dynamic light scattering (DLS)), morphological characterization by microscopic techniques as SEM-EDS, TEM, and physical and mechanical investigations (peeling test and compressive strength). Results were drawn based on historical, in situ observations, and analytical data, and put into evidence the composition, high weathering degree, and the possibility to surface consolidate with Sr-CHAp.
Highlights
Introduction and Historical SettingsFrom ancient times, stones have been used as material for different monuments and artworks, mainly due to their proper characteristics
The construction stone cohesion is affected by different degradation processes, such as cracking or mineral component disintegration under the influence of some decay agents such as humidity, thermal shock, and salt crystallization, many of them being provoked by environmental conditions or human interventions
The hydrodynamic diameter is typically larger than the diameter measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), because, in addition to the core of the particle, it takes into account the surface structure and ions
Summary
Stones have been used as material for different monuments and artworks, mainly due to their proper characteristics (composition, texture, resistance, porosity, aesthetic aspects, etc.). Some operations are required in order to identify the original composition, structure, and to recover the aesthetic aspect of different monuments [1]. Under this context, the characterization of the construction materials is essential for all specialists. The construction stone cohesion is affected by different degradation processes, such as cracking or mineral component disintegration under the influence of some decay agents such as humidity, thermal shock, and salt crystallization, many of them being provoked by environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, and salt presence) or human interventions. Petrological and petrophysical properties, like effective porosity, bulk density, water absorption capacity, and ultrasonic pulse velocity, determine construction materials’
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
