Abstract
This paper develops a distributed voltage regulation scheme for high Photovoltaic (PV) penetrated distribution networks by utilizing battery energy storage (BES) units. In this study, multiple BES units form a multi-agent network, in which each BES unit acts as an individual agent and can communicate with its neighbors to perform the distribution network's voltage regulation in a cooperative manner. To cope with the uncertainties of PV power and load demand, a receding horizon-based approach is proposed, where BES control decisions for regulating bus voltages are updated with the update of the system's operational conditions (PV power, load, etc.). An efficient solving method - Distributed Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers Algorithm (D-ADMM) is applied to solve the proposed model under a colored network, where the BES agents with the same color synchronously update their states. Case studies are conducted on modified IEEE benchmark systems to validate the performance of the proposed method.
Highlights
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THIS PAPER This paper proposes a MAS based control scheme for controlling battery energy storage (BES) to regulate voltage for a Distribution Networks (DNs) with high PV penetration
SYSTEM STRUCTURE Figure 1 depicts the conceptual architecture of a DN integrated with multiple BESs and PV generation sources
The l1-norm is embedded in the objective function
Summary
Y. Zhang et al.: Multi-Agent-Based Voltage Regulation Scheme for High PV Penetrated Active Distribution Networks. Zhang et al.: Multi-Agent-Based Voltage Regulation Scheme for High PV Penetrated Active Distribution Networks This can be implemented through load management or using energy storage systems. In [19], a MAS based control strategy is developed to coordinate energy storage systems in a micro-grid, where the energy storage agents are organized into different groups to cooperatively regulate the micro-grid’s voltage and frequency. Voltage regulation is realized through limited information exchange among BES agents in a fully distributed manner. SYSTEM STRUCTURE Figure 1 depicts the conceptual architecture of a DN integrated with multiple BESs and PV generation sources In this scenario, each BES unit is controlled by an Energy Management System (EMS) and acts as an independent agent. The estimation error is assumed to follow a truncated normal distribution with zero mean and the standard deviation of 5% [29]
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