Multi-Agent Framework for Service Restoration in Distribution Systems With Distributed Generators and Static/Mobile Energy Storage Systems

Panggah Prabawa,Dae-Hyun Choi

doi:10.1109/access.2020.2980544

Panggah Prabawa, Dae-Hyun Choi

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2980544

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Journal: IEEE Access	Publication Date: Jan 1, 2020
Citations: 38	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Chung-Ang University

Abstract

This paper presents a multi-agent system (MAS)-based approach for service restoration in a distribution system with distributed generators (DGs), static energy storage systems (SESSs), and mobile energy storage systems (MESSs). In comparison with existing MAS-based service restoration approaches in a two-layer cyber-physical architecture, excluding the dispatch of MESSs, we propose a three-layer framework that consists of cyber, physical, and transportation layers corresponding to the communication scheme for the MAS, electric distribution system, and transportation network for MESSs, respectively. In the proposed MAS framework, agents communicate and cooperate with each other for service restoration without violating system operation constraints by conducting the following actions: i) Kruskal-algorithm-based island reconfiguration (switch agent), ii) generation of switching sequence and dispatches of DGs and SESSs (DG and static battery agents) under monitored loading condition (load agent), and iii) dispatch of MESSs based on optimal road routing using the Dijkstra algorithm (mobile battery agent). Case studies were carried out in an IEEE 33-bus distribution system, and the results validated the performance of the proposed approach in terms of number of restored loads and restoration time steps, voltage level, and state of charge of the SESSs and MESSs with different numbers of fault lines and SESSs/MESS, and different extents of damaged roads.

Highlights

For reliable and resilient operation of electric distribution systems under extreme weather conditions and potential cyber attacks, power systems have attracted much attention from both academia and industry in the context of developing self-healing smart distribution systems [1]
We addressed the aforementioned challenges for centralized service restoration
The main contributions of this study are summarized as follows: 1) Compared to existing MAS-based service restoration methods in a two-layer cyber-physical architecture, excluding the dispatch of mobile energy storage systems (MESSs), we present a three-layer framework that consists of cyber, physical, and transportation layers corresponding to i) the communication scheme for the MAS, ii) electric distribution system with switches and distributed energy resources (DERs) including DGs, storage systems (SESSs), and MESSs, and iii) transportation network for MESSs, respectively

Summary

VARIABLES

Current magnitude from node i to j at time step t. Voltage magnitude for node i at time step t. Real power consumption of load l at time step t. Real(reactive) power generation output of DG g at time step t. Real(reactive) power from node i to j at time step t. Binary variable for specifying real power generation status of DG g at time step t. Choi: Multi-Agent Framework for Service Restoration in Distribution Systems With DGs and Static/MESSs bEt,SgS Binary variable for specifying charging and discharging status of ESS g at time step t. BBt,Rij Binary variable for specifying real power flow status from node i to j at time step t. BLt,l Binary variable for specifying load consumption status at node l at time step t

PARAMETERS

INTRODUCTION

1) OBJECTIVE FUNCTION

Define a forest T empty

Construct the branching table

CONCLUSION