Abstract
Transmission network expansion planning (TNEP) has become increasingly challenging due to the worldwide transformation of power systems, with the fast deployment of renewable energies as one of the key drivers. Given current socio-environmental concerns, building new lines to integrate new renewable energy sources may take several years and has a significant risk of delays and cost overruns. A sound strategy to achieve a more adapted expansion plan is to include the option of uprating existing lines among planning candidates. This paper presents a novel model for multi-year stochastic TNEP considering line uprating options, such as line reconductoring, voltage uprating, and adding series compensation, along with adding new lines, simultaneously. Compared to adding new lines, line uprating can be performed with low out-of-time service and has lower socio-environmental impact, thus being a cost-effective alternative, especially in cases where acquiring new right-of-ways is difficult and expensive. Illustrative results demonstrate that including line uprating options within the TNEP problem allows us to obtain more economic expansion plans with fewer new line projects in comparison to traditional approaches. This in turn results in less environmental impact of the optimal expansion plan, which makes construction permissions easier to obtain, thus reducing the risk of having delays and cost overruns. Additionally, considering line uprating options also helps the integration of renewable energies by deferring investment decisions until more information regarding future development of renewable energies becomes available.
Highlights
Several power systems around the globe are experiencing a rapid deployment of renewable energy sources (RES) such as photovoltaic and wind generation
The optimal expansion plans with line uprating require additional ROWs of 238.8 and 195.6 hectares for scenarios S1 and S2, respectively. This means that ROW requirements are reduced in factors of around 4 and 7 times in scenarios S1 and S2, respectively, compared to the optimal expansion plans without line uprating options. These results demonstrate that line uprating options may allow a significant reduction in the environmental impact of optimal expansion alternatives, which makes construction permissions easier to obtain, reducing the risk of having delays and cost overruns
This paper presents a novel model for multi-year stochastic Transmission network expansion planning (TNEP) that allows the consideration of several line uprating options, such as line reconductoring, voltage uprating, and adding series compensation, along with adding new lines, simultaneously
Summary
Built time of project pi (years) cEj,k Construction cost of element Ej,k ∈ L ∪ T ($). Lifetime of element Ej,k ∈ L ∪ T (years) Load shedding cost ($/MWh) Maximum generation for unit g (MW) Power demand at bus b (MW). Possible commissioning delay of project pi (years) Probability of scenario s Production cost of conventional generator g ($/MWh) Receiving-end busbar of element Ej,k ∈ L. ∪T Susceptance of element Ej,k ∈ L ∪ T (p.u.) Weighting factor of operating condition o Year of construction of existing element Ej,k
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