Multi-walled carbon nanotubes as alternative reversed-dispersive solid phase extraction materials in pesticide multi-residue analysis with QuEChERS method

Abstract

A multi-residue method based on modified QuEChERS sample preparation with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as reversed-dispersive solid phase extraction (r-DSPE) material and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry determination by selected ion monitoring (GC/MS-SIM) mode was validated on 30 representative pesticides residues in vegetables and fruits. The acetonitrile-based QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) sample preparation technique was used to obtain the extracts, and the further cleanup was carried out by applying r-DSPE. It was found that the amount of MWCNTs influenced the cleanup performance and the recoveries. The optimal amount of 10mg MWCNTs was suitable for cleaning up all selected matrices, as a suitable alternative r-DSPE material to primary secondary amine (PSA). This method was validated on cabbage, spinach, grape and orange spiked at concentration levels of 0.02 and 0.2mg/kg. The recoveries of 30 pesticides were in the range of 71–110%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs, n=5) lower than 15%. Matrix effects were observed by comparing the slope of matrix-matched standard calibration with that of solvent. Good linearity was achieved at the concentration levels of 0.02–0.5mg/L. The limits of quantification (LOQs) and the limits of detection (LODs) for 30 pesticides ranged from 0.003 to 0.05mg/kg and 0.001 to 0.02mg/kg at the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 10 and 3, respectively. The method was successfully applied to analysis real samples in Beijing. In conclusion, the modified QuEChERS method with MWCNTs cleanup step showed reliable method validation performances and good cleanup effects in this study.