Abstract
The aim of this study is to enhance the bioactivity of pure titanium using multiple surface treatments for the application of the implant. To form the biofunctional multilayer coating on pure titanium, anodization was conducted to make titanium dioxide nanotubes, then multi-walled carbon nanotubes were coated using a dipping method after an alkali treatment. The surface characteristics at each step were analyzed using a field emission scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffractometer. The effect of the multilayer coating on the biocompatibility was identified using immersion and cytotoxicity tests. Better hydroxyapatite formation was observed on the surface of multilayer-coated pure titanium compared to non-treated pure titanium after immersion in the simulated body fluid. Improvement of biocompatibility by multiple surface treatments was identified through various cytotoxicity tests using osteoblast cells.
Highlights
Material surfaces should have the optimal biocompatibility in vivo with the surrounding biological environment because the implant surface is in direct contact with biological tissue
This study investigated the surface bioactivity and biocompatibility by changing the characteristics of the titanium surfaces
A uniformly arrayed TiO2 NT layer was formed on the surface of Ti by anodization
Summary
The implant surface should allow for the physical, chemical, and electrical properties, as well as the increased biological activities induced by interactions between the material surface and the tissue. A number of studies have been conducted to overcome this problem by inducing bioactive property and enhancing the bone–implant adhesion through the surface modification of titanium implants [4,5]. Because such an implant surface accelerates osseointegration and enhances bone–implant adhesion, various surface-treatment methods have been studied, including surface coating, surface microstructure modification, and chemical property modification [6,7,8]
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