Multi-target mechanism of Tripteryguim wilfordii Hook for treatment of ankylosing spondylitis based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Abstract

Background Tripteryguim wilfordii Hook (TWH) has significant anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties and is widely used for treating autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, the multi-target mechanism of TWH on ankylosing spondylitis (AS) remains to be elucidated. Methods Active components and their target proteins were screened from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). Meanwhile, AS-related targets were obtained from the Genecards Database. After overlapping, the targets of TWH against AS were collected. Then protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and core targets analysis were conducted through STRING network platform and Cytoscape software. Moreover, molecular docking methods were utilized to confirm the high affinity between TWH and targets. Finally, DAVID online tool was used to perform gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopaedia of genes and genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of overlapping targets. Results The TCMSP Database results showed that there were11 active components of TWH against AS. PPI network and core targets analysis suggested that ESR1, VEGF, ICAM-1, and RELA were key targets against AS. Moreover, molecular docking methods confirmed the high affinity between bioactive molecular of TWH and their targets in AS. At last, enrichment analysis indicated that TWH participates in various biological processes, such as cell–cell adhesion, regulation of cell–matrix adhesion, acute inflammatory response, via TNF-α, NF-κB and so forth signalling pathways. Conclusion Verified by network pharmacology approach based on data mining and molecular docking methods, multi-target drug TWH may serve as a promising therapeutic candidate for AS but still needs further in vivo/in vitro experiments.