Abstract
We present laser interference patterning of three-dimensional photonic lattice structures with three-step three-beam irradiation. In contrast to one-step four-beam interference patterning, the proposed method makes it possible to continuously tune the lattice constant and the photonic band gap without distortion of the lattice shape. We analytically show that all fourteen Bravais lattices are possible to be produced by choosing proper incident vectors of laser beams. A simple routine to seek the geometrical configuration of the incident beams for producing arbitrary Bravais lattices is shown. Furthermore, We experimentally demonstrate the fabrication of three-dimensional photonic lattices in the photoresist SU-8. Significant photonic band gap effects have been observed from the well-defined photonic lattices.
Highlights
Photonic crystals are expected as the novel nanophotonic structures which enable us the ultimate manipulation of photons[1]
We present laser interference patterning of three-dimensional photonic lattice structures with three-step three-beam irradiation
We analytically show that all fourteen Bravais lattices are possible to be produced by choosing proper incident vectors of laser beams
Summary
Photonic crystals are expected as the novel nanophotonic structures which enable us the ultimate manipulation of photons[1]. Still there is a difficulty to choose the lattice symmetry and the lattice constant independently in most types of interference fabrication methods. We produced interference patterns of low-dimensional periodicity rather than 3D periodicity, and performed multi-time exposure from different directions into materials to create a 3D lattice structure. This method makes it possible to freely choose the lattice constant, independent on the lattice symmetry or the shape of the lattice element. We discuss three-step and three-beam interference exposure and fabrication of scaffold type 3D photonic crystal structures of three intersecting rod arrays. A simple routine to seek the geometrical configuration of the incident beams for all fourteen Bravais lattices is shown
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