Multi-stage Stern–Gerlach experiment modeled

Abstract

In the classic multi-stage Stern–Gerlach experiment conducted by Frisch and Segrè, the Majorana (Landau–Zener) and Rabi formulae diverge far from the experimental observation while the physical mechanism for electron-spin collapse remains unidentified. Here, introducing the physical co-quantum concept provides a plausible physical mechanism and predicts the experimental observation in absolute units without fitting (i.e. no parameters adjusted), with a p-value less than one per million, which is the probability that the co-quantum theory happens to match the experimental observation purely by chance. Further, the co-quantum concept is corroborated by exactly statistically reproducing the wave function, density operator, and uncertainty relation for electron spin in Stern–Gerlach experiments.