Abstract
The summer of 2023 highlighted the growing threat of wildfires in isolated areas, with Maui Island in Hawaii experiencing one of its largest wildfires. Our study employs a multi-source approach, integrating high-resolution optical data, thermal infrared data, and demographic information to assess the environmental, built, and social impacts of this event. Our innovative tri-environmental framework reveals significant vegetation degradation, land cover change, and disproportionate effects on various demographic groups. The fire caused extensive damage, with residential properties incurring 77.6% of the total losses, equating to approximately $563.2 million. Social impacts were profound, particularly among females, children, and the elderly, with employment and commuting disruptions affecting both low- and high-income groups. The study highlights the effectiveness of combining dasymetric mapping with real-time satellite data to refine population distribution estimates in affected areas. Our findings are applicable beyond wildfires, offering valuable insights into disaster response and mitigation strategies across various natural hazards like floods and earthquakes.
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