Abstract
Abstract. Multi-scale evaluations of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) have been made in Saijo, Ehime Prefecture, Shikoku Island, Japan, by using seepage meters for point scale, 222Rn tracer for point and coastal scales, and a numerical groundwater model (SEAWAT) for coastal and basin scales. Daily basis temporal changes in SGD are evaluated by continuous seepage meter and 222Rn mooring measurements, and depend on sea level changes. Spatial evaluations of SGD were also made by 222Rn along the coast in July 2010 and November 2011. The area with larger 222Rn concentration during both seasons agreed well with the area with larger SGD calculated by 3D groundwater numerical simulations.
Highlights
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is one of the important pathways of water and dissolved material loads from the land to the ocean (Church 1996, Moore 1996, Taniguchi et al 2002, Burnett et al 2006, Moore, 2010)
The methodology of continuous measurement of SGD by automated seepage meters and 222Rn monitoring surveys has been developed in the last decade
We compare SGD values, which are derived from different scales with different methodologies in the Saijo area of Ehime Prefecture, Japan, where three different methods have been used, i.e. seepage meters for the point scale, 222Rn for the coastal scale, and numerical groundwater simulation for the basin scale
Summary
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is one of the important pathways of water and dissolved material loads from the land to the ocean (Church 1996, Moore 1996, Taniguchi et al 2002, Burnett et al 2006, Moore, 2010). We compare SGD values, which are derived from different scales with different methodologies in the Saijo area of Ehime Prefecture, Japan, where three different methods have been used, i.e. seepage meters for the point scale, 222Rn for the coastal scale, and numerical groundwater simulation for the basin scale. Continuous measurements of SGD have been made by automated seepage meters at site A (Koubousui) and site B (Kawarazu) from 14–21 July 2010 every 10 minutes. To simulate SGD along the costal line in the Saijo area, a 3D numerical groundwater model was established using SEAWAT2000 Ver. 4 (Figs 5 and 6) with X = 9250 m (125 m × 74 grids), Y = 8250 m (125 m × 66 grids) and Z = 4 layers (in total 19 536 grids) Adjustments of permeability in each grid of the 3D model were made to minimize the difference between observed and calculated groundwater levels each month (24 months)
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