Multi-sample assessment of stress reactivity as a mediator between childhood adversity and mid- to late-life outcomes

Abstract

Objectives We examined whether adult stress reactivity accounts for the relationship between early life adversity (ELA) and psychological, physical, and cognitive outcomes. Methods We examined the relationship between ELA, stress reactivity, psychological well-being, physical health, and cognitive function in two separate datasets - a cross-sectional community sample of older adults (N = 510) aged 60 and older, and waves I-III of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) dataset. Age, sex, and income served as covariates in all analyses. Bootstrapped mediation models were used to assess recent stress as a mediator between ELA and mid- to late-life outcomes. Results ELA was significantly associated with adult stress, anxiety, depression, health conditions, and object cognitive assessments. Adult stress partially accounted for the relationships between ELA and depression, anxiety, health conditions, and memory problems. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that ELA may influence increased stress in older age, which confers additional risks for developing depression, anxiety, health problems, and cognitive decline. It is possible that intervening on adult stress may reduce risk for both psychological and physical pathology across the lifespan. Further research is needed to develop targeted interventions for mid and late-life stress to improve overall health as individuals age.