Abstract
The paper investigates the multi response optimization of single bead deposition characteristics which affects the additive manufactured structures in later stages of multi layered depositions. Inconel 625 single beads were deposited using the cold metal transfer (CMT) based on Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM). The bead width, bead height, penetration depth as well as microhardness of the fusion region are considered for the decision criteria models. Grey relational analysis (GRA) is used to solve the multi criteria optimization problem. Analysis of variance has been performed to quantify the parameters effects on grey relational grade (GRG). From the GRA, it is observed that at parameter setting of 110 Amps current, 0.4 mm/sec weld speed, and 4 mm standoff distance gives minimum bead width, minimum bead height, maximum penetration depth, and maximum microhardness.
Highlights
IntroductionDesign of experiments(Taguchi designs and Response surface Designs) are coupled with Grey relational analysis (GRA) has been performed by many researchers for manufacturing methods such as castings, forming, welding, and machining applications like turning, milling, drilling, etc
Inconel 625 offers excellent mechanical strength and corrosion resistance at high temperatures and in a high-pressure environment
Grey relational analysis was applied to response surface design experiments to evaluate the multi objective performance of bead characteristics deposited by the cold metal transfer process on a mild steel substrate
Summary
Design of experiments(Taguchi designs and Response surface Designs) are coupled with GRA has been performed by many researchers for manufacturing methods such as castings, forming, welding, and machining applications like turning, milling, drilling, etc. The multiple performance study involves surface roughness and transmission ratio concerning the process parameters This investigation used an L9 orthogonal array to conduct the experiments. Pan et al studied titanium alloy plates joined with Nd: YAG laser welding and determine the multiple quality characteristics optimization using Taguchi coupled with grey relational analysis. Results reveal that the Taguchi-based GRA effectively determined the combination parameter settings for the multiple performances of the process [19]. In the present work, an attempt has been made to investigate multi objective optimization of Inconel 625 bead characteristics deposited by CMT using the RSM coupled with GRA. The optimum responses are chosen as a minimum bead width, minimum bead height, maximum penetration, and maximum microhardness
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