Abstract
Ionic liquid-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (IL-DLLME) was used for the determination of different chemical classes of analytes for the first time. Limits of quantification (LOQs) ranged from 0.5 to 2.5 µg L-1, and the linearity ranged from the LOQ of each compound to 50 µg L-1. Recoveries ranged from 70 to 120% for the compounds, with relative standard deviations less than 18%. The proposed method demonstrates for the first time that sample preparation by IL-DLLME and determination by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) can be used successfully for the simultaneous extraction of 19 kinds of pesticides and 16 PPCPs from water samples. In addition, to eliminate the environmental risk of waste solvent disposal, this technique uses a low-toxicity extraction solvent. Finally, the analytical method proposed was applied successfully in analysis in surface water samples.
Highlights
In recent decades, many synthetic organic compounds detected in water samples have attracted people’s attention
The selection of the ionic liquid to be used as extractor is determined by several requirements: it must be immiscible in the aqueous sample, high capacity to extract organic compounds, higher density than water and compatible with the detection method, in this case was liquid chromatography
In this study, [C4MIM][PF6] and [C6MIM][PF6] were evaluated as extraction solvents, while methanol, acetonitrile and acetone were evaluated as disperser solvents
Summary
Many synthetic organic compounds detected in water samples have attracted people’s attention. Pesticides, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs)[1] have been detected and are investigation targets.[2]. Pesticides play an important role in increasing agricultural productivity. Their use in agriculture is inevitable, still being the most effective tool in the fight against weeds and pests. They are used for agricultural purposes, and in forest and environmental preservation areas. The use of pesticides in agricultural applications provides a wide range of beneficial effects, their extensive use has been a concern because of hazards to the environment.[1,3] Toxic effects on humans, such as acute neurological toxicity, impairment of neurological development, possible dysfunction of the immune, reproductive and endocrine systems, cancers, chronic kidney disease and other potential diseases have been reported in many papers.[4,5]
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