Multi-output Deep Learning for Bus Arrival Time Predictions

Abstract

Abstract Accurate and reliable predictions for bus arrival in public transport networks are essential for delivering an attractive service. This paper presents a multi-model approach for bus arrival prediction. The approach uses three distinct sub-models in an ensemble model. A multi-output, multi-time-step, deep neural network using Convolutional and Long short-term memory (LSTM) layers is used for travel time, and more simplistic models are used for dwell time and seasonal components. The method is empirically evaluated and compared to other popular approaches. We find that the proposed model saturations outperforms the other methods, while in other saturations performs similar.