Multi-objective sustainable supply chain network design and planning considering transportation and energy source selection using a lexicographic procedure

Abstract

In this paper, a multi-objective integrated production and energy model for sustainable supply chain design, planning, and energy source selection has been proposed. The model considers economic, environmental, and social concerns. The lexicographic procedure was applied to compromise the conflict objectives with different percentages of deviations. It aims to maximize both profit and overall customer service level while minimizing the gas emissions generated from both transportation and production operations.In addition, the model helps to select the optimal source of energy from three potential sources of energy considering both capital and operating costs, in addition to the selection of the transportation mode (heavy or light trucks) to satisfy customer demand during the planning horizon with six periods of all products.The efficacy of the model has been evaluated using a comprehensive case study in addition to the analysis of several scenarios with various conditions. Six different scenarios have been carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model and to study the effect of changing objective prioritization and the maximum allowable deviation on the performance of the supply.