Abstract
The value of waste heat had led to an extensive study on Combined Cooling, Heating and Power (CCHP) system in recent decades, but the following three research gaps still need to be tackled to achieve a better economic and environmental performance. Firstly, the complete discreteness of equipment capabilities had not been considered. It means that multiple units with different capacities cannot be selected for a type of equipment. Then, the ambiguity and subjectivity existing in decision-makers/stakeholders’ judgments on the importance of objectives are usually ignored. Finally, an easily understood and comprehensive environmental indicator based on life cycle perspective for system optimization had not been established. Thus, the aim of this study is to establish a mathematical framework to help the stakeholders select the optimal configurations, capacities, and operation conditions of CCHP system while narrowing the above three research gaps to avoid the sub-optimal solutions. Subsequently, a hypothetical case was used to verify the validity of the proposed model, along with analysis of system performance. The results indicate that the CCHP system is superior to the conventional systems, and the proposed mathematical model in this paper can improve the performance of CCHP system in terms of economy, environment, and energy.
Highlights
Song et al (2020b) established a mixedinteger non-linear programming (MINLP) model to determine the optimal configuration and strategy of CCHP systems in an industrial park by using cost saving ratio (CSR), primary energy saving (PES) ratio and carbon emission reduction (CER) as the objectives, and the weighed sum method with equal weights was used to solve the problem of multi-objectives
It demonstrates that virtual cost oriented objective leads to an increase in real costs (ATC) which will hinder the promotion of CCHP system
A superstructure-based multi-objectives mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model was established to help decision-makers\ stakeholders select the optimal configurations, capacities, and operation conditions which can tackle the discreteness of equipment capabilities with a better performance
Summary
Waste heat, which can be utilized through various waste heat recovery technologies or systems (i.e., heat exchangers, regenerative burners, organic Rankine cycle system) to reduce energy consumption and improve environmental benefits, had aroused wide attention and had been used for space or district heating and cooling, electricity generation, desalination, etc. (Brough & Jouhara, 2020; Liu et al, 2020; Moser & Lassacher, 2020; Olabi et al, 2020). Song et al (2020b) established a MINLP model to determine the optimal configuration and strategy of CCHP systems in an industrial park by using cost saving ratio (CSR), primary energy saving (PES) ratio and carbon emission reduction (CER) as the objectives, and the weighed sum method with equal weights was used to solve the problem of multi-objectives. The optimal layout, capacities and operation conditions were selected simultaneously, and multi-objectives was solved by the weighed sum method. The main aim of this paper is to establish a superstructure based multi-objective MILP model to help the decision-makers/stakeholders select the optimal configurations, capacities, and operation conditions of CCHP systems for given buildings while narrowing the above three research gaps.
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