Multi-Objective Optimization of Hybrid Aluminum–Composite Tube Under Axial Crushing

Abstract

Since lightweight and energy-absorbing materials have an effective role in occupant safety during accidents, the use of hybrid aluminum–composite tubes and their optimum designs are of great importance in the crashworthiness. In this study, finite element simulation and multi-objective optimization of a hybrid aluminum–composite tube are performed under axial crushing to investigate the effect of metal volume fraction (MVF) on the objective functions, the specific energy absorption and the peak force. Besides, the effects of annealing and tempering of ductile aluminum alloys (Al-6061) as the base metal of hybrid tubes are investigated. The optimum values of the objective functions are obtained at [Formula: see text] (the same thickness of aluminum and composite). Also, annealing of ductile aluminum alloys has a negative effect on the objective functions. As a guideline for the design of fiber metal laminates under crushing, it is suggested to use tempered Al-6061 and increase the thickness of composite material so that [Formula: see text].