Multi-objective optimization of a liquid cooled battery module with collaborative heat dissipation in both axial and radial directions

Abstract

In this paper, numerical investigation and multi-objective optimization of a liquid cooled battery module with collaborative heat dissipation in both axial and radial directions are presented. In the battery module, 11×10 cylindrical batteries are arranged in square array on the cold plate, allowing axially downward heat dissipation. Besides, the upper parts of the batteries are connected radially with a common heat spreader plate, which is then connected to the bottom cold plate through thermal columns adjacent to the batteries, forming the thermal path in radial direction. Comparing with the conventional design configuration without heat dissipation structure, the maximum temperature of the present configuration (Baseline) is reduced by 42.10%, whereas the temperature difference is unfavorably increased by about 11.37%. Single-factor analysis is first conducted to identify the major influence variables. Then, the multi-objective optimizations are conducted in two steps to optimize the structure by minimizing the optimization objectives such as the maximum temperature, temperature difference and the pressure drop. After Step 2 optimization, the temperature difference of the battery module is reduced to 4.28 °C, providing good fitting agreement with the numerical simulation within 1.52%. The numerical simulations are also compared with the experiment and the discrepancy in battery is about 0.94 °C, which authenticates the present numerical model.