Abstract
The modeling of energy systems with high penetration of renewables is becoming more relevant due to environmental and security issues. Researchers need to support policy makers in the development of energy policies through results from simulating tools able to guide them. The EPLANopt model couples a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm to EnergyPLAN simulation software to study the future best energy mix. In this study, EPLANopt is applied at country level to the Italian case study to assess the best configurations of the energy system in 2030. A scenario, the result of the optimization, is selected and compared to the Italian integrated energy and climate action plan scenario. It allows a further reduction of CO2 emissions equal to 10% at the same annual costs of the Italian integrated energy and climate action plan scenario. Both these results are then compared to climate change scenarios through the carbon budget indicator. This comparison shows the difficulties to meet the Paris Agreement target of limiting the temperature increase to 1.5 °C. The results also show that this target can only be met through an increase in the total annual costs in the order of 25% with respect to the integrated energy and climate action plan scenario. However, the study also shows how the shift in expenditure from fossil fuels, external expenses, to investment on the national territory represents an opportunity to enhance the national economy.
Highlights
Energy system modeling [1] is a relevant discipline in supporting policy-makers in the definition of the energy strategy
The PNIEC 2030 scenario produces a relevant reduction of CO2 emissions compared to the Baseline
The results show that the Advanced 2030 scenario improves the CO2 emissions reduction compared to the PNIEC 2030, but it is still higher scenario improves the CO2 emissions reduction compared to the PNIEC 2030, but it is still higher than the carbon budget limit, assuming a linear reduction
Summary
Energy system modeling [1] is a relevant discipline in supporting policy-makers in the definition of the energy strategy. Different European countries have already published energy strategies to meet the European climate and energy targets for 2030 [2]. There is Italy which is selected as the case study in this paper [3]. With the aim of using an energy system model to develop different scenarios for the considered case study, the main characteristics of energy system models have been analyzed in order to choose the proper model. Two features of energy system models are identified as being relevant in the scenario development process. These are the following: high temporal resolution and sector-coupling
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