Abstract
The renewable energy sources (RES) based distributed generations (DGs) have been proven to be of great technical and economic benefits if optimally allocated in distribution networks. Their proper deployment is usually made in conjunction with demand response (DR) programs and renewables curtailment to match the demand load with the available generated power. Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) and capacitor banks (CBs) are two other tools that can compensate for the shortcomings of the RES. BESSs could complement the renewables generation intermittency and improve the reliability of the system while CBs could indemnify the limited reactive power support of the RES and improve the power quality of the system. Thus, the simultaneous integration of RES-based DGs, DR, BESSs, CBs, and curtailment could have great benefits if optimally planned and coordinated. In this paper, a multi-objective optimization planning model is formulated to determine the optimal locations and capacities of different RES-based DGs, BESSs, and CBs in presence of DR and renewables curtailment to maximize the economic index and the average voltage stability factor, and to minimize the average power losses in distribution networks. The modelling of RES-generated power is considered. The proposed model is implemented and tested on standard IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system, the model is formulated and solved in GAMS environment. Different renewable configurations and test cases are investigated. The obtained results validate the effectiveness of the simultaneous integration of the used tools in optimizing the techno-economic benefits.
Highlights
The utilization of renewable energy sources (RES) is steadily increasing to meet the rising electricity demand worldwide. This increase is mainly driven by the environmental benefits the RES afford over the traditional power plants including reduction of carbon emissions and global warming, and economic benefits supported by the RES energy generation cost fall and the creation of million jobs
The wind and solar RES are currently having the highest contribution in the renewable energy mix globally and are expected to continue their tremendous growth to take the lead in the global energy mix over the conventional power plants [1]
V.CONCLUSION In this paper, a multi-objective optimization problem is formulated to maximize the economic index and average voltage stability factor, and to minimize the average power losses in distribution network considering the simultaneous integration of different renewable distributed generations (DGs), Battery energy storage systems (BESSs), and capacitor banks (CBs) in presence of demand response (DR) and renewables curtailment, and considering the battery degradation cost
Summary
The utilization of renewable energy sources (RES) is steadily increasing to meet the rising electricity demand worldwide. A two-stage multi-objective approach was implemented in [23] considering distributed and centralized RES-based generation units with BESS for maximizing the technical, environmental, and economic benefits including power loss reduction, voltage profile enhancement, voltage stability conditions improvement, emissions reduction, and annual operational cost drop. A water cycle algorithm was proposed in [26] for optimal placement and sizing of DGs and CBs to achieve technical, economic, and environmental benefits through different objective functions including minimizing power losses, voltage deviation, total electrical energy cost and total emissions produced by generation sources, and improving the voltage stability index. A planning model is presented for the optimal allocation and coordination of wind and solar DGs, BESSs, and CBs in distribution networks in presence of DR and renewables curtailment, and considering the battery degradation cost.
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