Multi-objective optimization design of lithium-ion battery liquid cooling plate with double-layered dendritic channels

Abstract

To study simple and effective liquid cooling methods for electric vehicle lithium-ion battery, a novel double-layered dendritic channels liquid cooling system was proposed based on the constructal theory, which included the heat transfer layer channel and the collecting layer channel. The trade-off between objective functions (pressure drop, surface standard deviation, and maximum temperature) were achieved by the volume fraction of cooling liquid as the constraint condition. At the same time, the cooling plate structure values of the design points (total number of branching levels, length recursion factor, height to width ratio and channel thickness ratio) were obtained by Latin hypercube sampling. And the Radial Basis Function (RBF) surrogate model was adopted to establish the relationship between the objective function and the design variables. On this basis, the multi-objective optimization design of the NSGA-II algorithm was carried out. Finally, the optimization results were verified by numerical simulation, and the performance was compared with that of typical channels (serpentine and parallel). The results reported that this optimized design can reduce the maximum temperature from 52.59 °C to 39.3 °C, and the standard deviation of surface temperature from 5.31 °C to 1.96 °C. And the pressure drop from 518.6 Pa to 136.5 Pa. These results can help the design of cooling system with lower temperature and low pump power.