Multi-objective optimization analysis of air-cooled heat dissipation coupled with thermoelectric cooling of battery pack based on orthogonal design

Abstract

As the energy supply core of electric vehicles (EVs), the battery's performance is closely related to its temperature. Therefore, the battery thermal management system (BTMS) plays a crucial role in ensuring the vehicle's driving safety and power performance. This paper proposes the air cooling as the primary heat dissipation method, combined with a semiconductor refrigeration sheet (SRS) to improve heat transfer and reduce local high temperature. Firstly, determine the optimum air volume with the U-type air-cooled structure. Additionally, orthogonal analysis is used to investigate the inlet and outlet locations, the front deflector position and length of the shunt chamber, and the rear deflector position on the air-cooling effect. Then, through multi-objective optimization, the optimal air-cooled structure is selected based on the air supply pressure drop. The chosen structure is the same-side dual-exit ventilation with a front deflector located 150 mm from the near-wind end wall and a length of 30 mm, and a rear deflector located 100 mm from the far-wind end wall. Finally, SRS coupled air cooling is used to dissipate the heat. Four SRSs are used to analyze the effect of mounting position and different currents on the battery pack. The findings suggest that the optimal placement for SRSs is parallel to the lower end of the battery module at the far-wind end. When SRSs pass a current of up to 0.4A at 37 ℃, the entire battery module can complete 7200 s discharge with 0.5C. This leads to a decrease in the maximum temperature (Tmax) to 46.09 ℃ and a drop in the temperature uniformity index (δT) to 1.36.