Multi-objective optimal scheduling of electricity consumption in smart building based on resident classification

Abstract

By the end of 2021, the urbanization rate of China had reached 64.72%. Increasing urbanization rates have led to an 80 percent share of carbon emissions in urban areas. Therefore, a load optimal scheduling model of smart buildings is proposed in this paper, which takes into account the cost of carbon emissions. The model aims to minimize the electric cost for building residents and maximize the utilization of distributed energy. The research focuses on the load optimal scheduling for two types of residents, i.e., the working residents and the retired ones, based on their electricity usage patterns and habits. To address the challenges of uneven load distribution, nonlinear behavior, and uncertainties introduced by electric vehicles and photovoltaic energy, the multi-objective beluga whale optimization algorithm with hybrid reverse learning competitive strategies (RCMBWO) is introduced. It utilizes the energy storage and discharge capabilities of electric vehicles to mitigate the uncertainties of photovoltaic energy generation. The simulation results show that load optimal scheduling for both types of residents can lead to significant cost savings for a smart building with 100 households, approximately 29,554 RMB per year. Furthermore, the optimized results can guide the determination of the appropriate size for the photovoltaic energy storage system, reducing energy waste resulting from insufficient energy consumption capability of smart buildings. The research on targeted load optimal scheduling for classified residents presents a viable solution for enhancing the cost-effectiveness and environmental benefits of smart buildings.