Abstract
Management of water quality in a tidal river through appropriate releases from an upstream reservoir, in addition to removal of pollutants at discharge points, has been addressed in the present work. The multi-objective waste-load allocation (WLA) problem is solved using a simulation–optimisation framework. Archived multi-objective simulated annealing (AMOSA) algorithm is used as an optimiser. The proposed model is used to assess the impact of tidal flow conditions and upstream releases on management decisions for maintaining water quality. Tidal flow conditions shift the Pareto-optimal (PO) front between the upstream releases and treatment cost towards left, indicating that the dilution from back flow reduces the treatment cost as well as upstream release requirement. Imposition of a higher DO standard for water quality shifts the upstream release vs. cost PO front upwards and the same is observed for the inequity and cost PO front. It is found that, for a given inequity measure, the cost of treatment can be reduced significantly by adopting an optimal upstream release value. Better equity can be achieved, for the same cost of WLA, when the upstream release itself is varied in time optimally.
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