Abstract
This paper presents a modified NSGA-II algorithm based on the spatial density (SD) operator, combined with computer graphics-based surface parameterisation methods and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. This was done to optimise the multi-objective aerodynamic design of a centrifugal impeller for a 100-kW vehicle-mounted fuel cell and improve the multi-conditions aerodynamic performance of the centrifugal impeller of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell (FC). The optimisation objectives are to maximise the isentropic efficiency of the rated and common operating conditions. The optimisation results showed that the efficiency of rated working conditions had an increase of 1.29%, mass flow increase of 8.8%, pressure ratio increase of 0.74% and comprehensive margin increase of 6.2%. The efficiency of common working conditions had an increase of 1.2%, mass flow increase of 9.1%, pressure ratio increase of 0.24% and comprehensive margin increase of 10%. The optimisation effect is obvious under the premise of satisfying the constraints, which proves the optimisation method’s engineering effectiveness and provides technical support and methodological research for the multi-objective aerodynamic design optimisation of centrifugal impellers for vehicle-mounted FCs.
Highlights
New energy vehicles have been vigorously developed in recent years due to the problems of environmental pollution and oil shortages
The results show that the zero-order polynomial of the Gaussian model is the best prediction for the stall torque ratio
computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques have been widely used to study the internal flow of centrifugal impellers [21,22,23,24]
Summary
New energy vehicles have been vigorously developed in recent years due to the problems of environmental pollution and oil shortages. Fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) have a long-range, fast energy replenishment and high efficiency, which have more potential and are more attractive than lithium battery vehicles and traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. The fuel cell system (FCS) mainly consists of an electric stack, air supply system, hydrogen supply system, and water and thermal management systems. The electric motor drives a centrifugal impeller to pressurise the air. The pressurised and humidified air is sent to the hydrogen fuel reactor for a chemical reaction. The compressor is the core component of the air supply system, accounting for 16.89% of the overall vehicle cost, second only to the fuel stack in the fuel cell (FC). Improving the aerodynamic performance and efficiency of the compressor can effectively save the overall cost
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