Multi‐messenger observations of supermassive black holes binary mergers

Abstract

When a circumprimary gaseous disk is pushed into the primary supermassive black hole (SMBH) by the tidal force of the decaying secondary black hole, it can produce an increase in the luminosity. In the case of a disk that lies in the same plane of the SMBHs binary, that luminosity exceeds the Eddington limit. In this paper, we extend these previous investigations to the case of systems misaligned with different mass values for the binary components. Our aim is to probe which mass range can produce stronger electromagnetic counterparts in the last stages of coalescence. We concentrate in geometrically thin disk models and binary SMBHs with mass ratio q = 10−3. We compare our numerical results with previously obtained analytical results in the literature. Disks misaligned surrounding a primary SMBH can lead to an electromagnetic signature of the gravitational wave signal emitted from final stages of the SMBH's binary orbital decay.