Abstract
A metamaterial-based sonic crystal, comprised of a lattice arrangement of cylindrical elastic shells, can be tuned to provide wave steering or phononic band filtering. The effective acoustic properties of such sonic crystals are determined by the geometric and material properties of each individual shell and the lattice spacing between shells. By matching the effective acoustic properties to those of the surrounding fluid, the sonic crystal can be made acoustically transparent at low frequencies, leading to improved transmission over that of non-matched shells. Bi-layered shells provide additional design parameters to broaden the region of acoustic transparency provided by a simple shell. In this effort, three-layered shells are employed to improve transmission further. Transformation acoustics analysis is applied to determine theoretical density and bulk modulus distributions, and then real-world materials are selected which best match these theoretical distributions. Finally, shell geometry is optimized to minimize scattering while constraining the effective acoustic properties to match those of the external fluid.
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