Abstract
Abstract Using polystyrene (PS) spheres as the template, the component ratio and synthetic methods are changed to develop a series of three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) TiO2–ZrO2 composites with diversified design. XRD, ICP-AES, XPS, UV–vis/DRS, SEM-EDS and N2 adsorption–desorption measurements are employed to analyze and compare the crystal phase structure, morphology, surface physicochemical and optical absorption properties of 3DOM TiO2–ZrO2. Results show 3DOM TiO2–ZrO2 (Ti:Zr = 3:1) prepared by the decompression filling method (S) possess thick and rough pore walls closely packed by particles, and present with “hexagonal net” structure. In this structure, the pores are closely linked, and the layers are highly ordered. For 3DOM TiO2–ZrO2 (Ti:Zr = 4:1), the pore wall is thick and compact, and the mutual extrusion between the pores leads to a slight deformation and a “fish scale” structure. A vacuum impregnation method (M) is also used to produce the 3DOM TiO2–ZrO2 (Ti:Zr = 4:1), which has thin and smooth pore walls with open and transparent pore windows. The pores are arranged highly ordered “bowl-like” structure. Compared with direct photolysis, P25, ZrO2 and TiO2–ZrO2, 3DOM TiO2–ZrO2 composites show higher photocatalytic activity in the degradation of MO under multi-modes irradiation. Moreover, the activities have a little difference attributed to the diversified design.
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