Abstract
Multi-laboratory comparison of three commercially available Zika IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays
Highlights
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus in the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus
The West Nile virus (WNV, family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus) immunoglobulin M (IgM)-positive, yellow fever virus (YFV) IgM-positive and chikungunya virus (CHIKV, family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus) IgM-positive samples were tested by CDC MAC-ELISA and confirmed by PRNT90 for the respective viruses, and Zika and dengue viruses (DENVs) MAC-ELISA results were generated for these samples
While the reference results reported here for the CDC MAC ELISA were obtained using inactivated whole virus antigen, the E-protein contains the immunodominant epitopes for ZIKV and these results were expected to be roughly comparable
Summary
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus in the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus. It was first discovered in rhesus monkeys in 1947 in the Zika Forest of Uganda (Dick et al, 1952) and historically of unclear importance given the rarity of reported cases and to relatively mild symptoms in humans. Little research had been conducted on ZIKV prior to a 2007 outbreak in Yap, Federated States of Micronesia (Duffy et al, 2009), at which point the virus was sequenced and molecular and serological tests were developed (Lanciotti et al, 2008). Sequencing identified that the ZIKV currently circulating in the Americas is derived from the Southeast Asian genotype (Brasil et al, 2016). The discovery of increased incidence of microcephaly and other birth defects in newborns (Fitzgerald et al, 2018) took ZIKV from being considered as relatively benign to being a critical public health concern, causing the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare a public health emergency in 2016 (Gulland, 2016)
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