Abstract
Natural products with a variety of pharmacological effects are important sources for commercial drugs, and it is very crucial to develop effective techniques to selectively extract and isolate bioactive natural components from the plants against the background of sustainable development. Ionic liquids (ILs) are a kind of designable material with unique physicochemical properties, including good thermal stability, negligible vapor pressure, good solvation ability, etc. ILs have already been used in pharmaceuticals for extraction, purification, drug delivery, etc. It has been reported that multi-interactions, like hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, play important roles in the extraction of bioactive components from the plants. In this review, recent progress in the understanding of scientific essence of hydrogen bonding, the special interaction, in ILs was summarized. The extraction of various natural products, one important area in pharmaceutical, by conventional and functional ILs as well as the specific roles of multi-interactions in this process were also reviewed. Moreover, problems existing in bioactive compound extraction by ILs and the future developing trends of this area are given, which might be helpful for scientists, especially beginners, in this field.
Highlights
Accepted: 24 December 2020With the improvement of living standards and the strengthening of health awareness, people are paying more attention to natural products, which could be extracted from plants and exhibit special physiological effect [1,2,3,4]
The results showed that the Ionic liquids (ILs) anions had an important influence on extraction capacities for glabridin, which increased in the order of: [PF6 ]− < [BF4 ]−
ILs as extraction solvents have received extensive attention in the separation of natural products because of their excellent performance, thereby solving some problems facing by traditional solvents
Summary
With the improvement of living standards and the strengthening of health awareness, people are paying more attention to natural products, which could be extracted from plants and exhibit special physiological effect [1,2,3,4]. Employed in the extraction of natural products have drawbacks, including a large consumption of solvents, environmental pollution, low extraction selectivity towards the target compounds, high energy input in solvent recovery, etc. The excellent performance of ILs in chemical processes, including natural product extraction, is closely related to the microstructure in IL media, which is determined by the ions and their specific interactions [27]. Hydrogen bonding is a kind of strong directional interaction compared to other forces in liquid molecules, e.g., hydrophobic or solvophobic interactions, and is regarded as a kind of special interaction in ILs. there are many studies on the extraction of natural products by ionic liquids [29], to the best of our knowledge, comprehensive review on the role of interactions in ILs, such as the cation-anion interactions, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, on natural product extraction has not been reported. Problems in this extraction process were analyzed and future developing trends were given
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