Abstract
Nowadays, three global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), namely GPS, GLONASS and China’s BeiDou System (BDS), are fully-operational in the Asia-Pacific region. Furthermore, the European Galileo system and the Japanese Quasi Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), which is a regional navigation satellite system (RNSS), jointly provide 4 to 8 additional visible satellites in the region. Thus, it is expected that a combination of the above five systems will improve positioning performance as a result of enhanced satellite availability provided by multi-GNSS. In this research, we develop a method to combine GPS, GLONASS, BDS, Galileo, and QZSS pseudorange and carrier phase observations, and investigate positioning performance improvements brought by multi-GNSS. Experimental data were collected in Southern Taiwan to perform pseudorange-based, meter-level absolute (point) positioning as well as carrier phase-based, centimeter-level relative positioning. Test results indicate that (1) using multi-GNSS can effectively improve the accuracy of absolute (single point) and relative positioning, particularly in highly-masked, constrained environments, such as urban areas; (2) combining the five constellations can significantly shorten the Time-To-First-Fix (TTFF) for rapid ambiguity resolution required by Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) applications in constrained environments.
Highlights
Since its full operation, GPS has been the most widely used navigation satellite system ([1,2])
Dual-frequency signals collected in this research include GPS L1 and L2C, GLONASS L1 and L2, Galileo E1 and E5, Beidou system (BDS) B1 and B2, Quasi Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) L1 and L2
One-hour static data was collected in two stations SPSI and HHLA to perform multi-global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) relative positioning
Summary
GPS (global positioning system) has been the most widely used navigation satellite system ([1,2]). E.g., the Russian GLONASS system, the European Galileo system, the Chinese Beidou system (BDS), and the Japanese Quasi Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) are in rapid development nowadays. It is advantageous to utilize multiple GNSS constellations (Multi-GNSS) to provide more continuous and accurate positioning services for user ends compared with using a single GNSS system alone ([3-7]). Induced by using multi-GNSS for positioning in constrained environments
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