Abstract
This research was conducted to study the protective effect of bee honey on the 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)- induced breast cancer in rat model. The study consisted of three groups: honey group, positive control group (PC), and negative control group (NC) to which the carcinogen was not administered. All rats were fed the diet recommended by the American Institute of Nutrition for growing rats (AIN-93G), with addition of honey (50 g/kg diet) to the honey group. All Rats were fed their diets ad libitum on 12 hours dark/light cycle. At the age of 50 days all rats in the honey and PC groups were gavaged once by the carcinogen DMBA with a dose of 80 mg/kg body Wt. After three weeks of carcinogen administration, rats were palpated weekly to detect any tumor growth. After 18 weeks, all rats were sacrificed. The palpable structures and the mammary glands along with associated lymph nodes were removed and fixed in saline formalin and prepared for histopathological examination. The results revealed that the honey group diet significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the incidence rate of mammary cancer, palpable tumor multiplicity, tumor size and weight compared to the PC group. In conclusion, multi floral honey has a protective effect against DMBA- induced mammary cancer in the initiation, promotion, and progression stages of DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis. However, further research is needed to reveal the mechanisms that might have contributed to the preventive effect of honey against mammary cancer.
Highlights
Breast cancer can be defined as a neoplastic change in the epithelial cells of mammary tissue, in the epithelium of mammary ducts (Hieger, 1961)
Animals were fed isocaloric and isonitrogenous diet which was prepared according to the Guidelines of the American Institute of Nutrition 1993 for growing animals (AIN-93 G), recommended by Reeves (1997) (Table 1) with some modifications as follows: 1) Soybean oil was replaced by an oil mixture that consists of canola oil and sunflower oil in a ratio of 0.7:1.0 (Al-Sayyed & Takruri, 2016), since soybean has been documented to be protective against breast cancer
Results of histopathological examination showed that the malignant mammary tumors that were developed in the rats are invasive mammary carcinomas (IMC); these are of the same histological type of human tumors
Summary
Breast cancer can be defined as a neoplastic change in the epithelial cells of mammary tissue, in the epithelium of mammary ducts (Hieger, 1961). The Ministry of Health (MOH) in Jordan published in their 15th annual (2010) report on cancer incidence and epidemiology that the total number of new cancer cases was 6820, of them 4921 were Jordanians (72.2%). About 90-95% of all cancer cases can be attributed to environmental and lifestyle factors, whereas the remaining 5-10% belong to genetic defects (Anand et al, 2008) Because of this high contribution of environmental factors, the health care providers always search for food components that may act against cancer. Honey is known for centuries for its medicinal and health promoting effects It contains various kinds of phytochemicals with high phenolic and flavonoid contents which contribute to its high antioxidant activity (Pyrzynska & Biesaga, 2009). The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of honey on the incidence of breast cancer in rat model in which cancer was induced by (DMBA) through examining their effects on the multiplicity of tumors, tumor size, and tumor latency
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