Multi-Feedstocks Biodiesel Production from Esterification of Calophyllum inophyllum Oil, Castor Oil, Palm Oil and Waste Cooking Oil

H Hadiyanto,Apsari Puspita Aini,Widayat Widayat,Arief Budiman,Achmad Roesyadi,Kusmiyati Kusmiyati

doi:10.14710/ijred.9.1.119-123

Abstract

Biodiesel can be produced from various vegetable oils and animal fat. Abundant sources of vegetable oil in Indonesia, such as Calophyllum inophyllum, Ricinus communis, palm oil, and waste cooking oil, were used as raw materials. Multi-feedstock biodiesel was used to increase the flexibility operation of biodiesel production. This study was conducted to determine the effect of a combination of vegetable oils on biodiesel characteristics. Degumming and two steps of esterification were applied for high free fatty acid feedstock before trans-esterification in combination with other vegetable oils. Potassium hydroxide was used as a homogenous catalyst and methanol as another raw material. The acid value of C. inophyllum decreased from 54 mg KOH/gr oil to 2.15 mg KOH/gr oil after two steps of esterification. Biodiesel yield from multi-feedstock was 87.926% with a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 6:1, temperature of 60 ℃, and catalyst of 1%wt. ©2020. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved

Highlights

With the depletion of petroleum reserves as the main source of fuel, many researchers have developed other sources that are renewable and sustainable to produce biofuel
Vegetable oils that are commonly used for biodiesel raw material are soybean oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, palm oil, waste cooking oil, yellow grease, and castor oil (Gokdogan et al, 2015)
Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) was analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the type of FAME that results from the transesterification process

Summary

Introduction

With the depletion of petroleum reserves as the main source of fuel, many researchers have developed other sources that are renewable and sustainable to produce biofuel. Biodiesel is produced by converting vegetable oil and animal fat with methanol or ethanol through trans-esterification. Vegetable oils that are commonly used for biodiesel raw material are soybean oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, palm oil, waste cooking oil, yellow grease, and castor oil (Gokdogan et al, 2015). Homogeneous catalysts, such as potassium hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide, were used as alkaline catalysts in trans-esterification, whereas hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid were used as acid catalysts in esterification. Heterogeneous catalysts are still being developed to achieve optimal catalytic performance with high-selectivity biodiesel

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