Multi Drug Resistant and Biofilm Formation of Staphylococci Isolated from Patient with Diabetic Foot Infection in Basrah Province

Abstract

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) is characterized by a classical triad of neuropathy, ischemia and infection. Patient with Diabetic foot ulcers frequently required lower extremity amputations. Eighty one swab samples were collected from patient with Diabetic foot ulcers, from different hospitals in Basra governorate (Al-Fayhaa General Hospital). All samples were subjected to classical biochemical tests. Gram positive-vitek 2 card system was used for the definitive diagnosis of Gram-positive bacterial samples, 78 samples Gram-positive from 81 samples were diagnosed, and these isolates were found to be of the following species: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus caprae, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus sciuri, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus lentus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus thoraltensis, Kytococcus sedentarius. Many bacterial species showed multiple-drug resistance, such as Staphylococcus aureus which were more resistant to the following antibiotics: -Oxacillin, Trimethoprim, Tetracycline. The results showed that Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus caprae, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus sciuri, Staphylococcus lentus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Kytococcus sedentarius had the ability to produce biofilm which revealed by various methods, such as Congo red agar qualitative method, and tissue culture plate quantitative method.