Abstract
Natural disasters can cause serious casualties and economic losses, and emergency shelters are effective measures to reduce disaster risks and protect lives. At present, the location models of refuge facilities often ignore the diversion of shelter from the perspective of humanitarian logistics and the needs of victims. Such models also seldom consider the impact of the pre-storage of relief materials on the location of shelters. In this study, on the basis of the different needs of disaster victims, shelters are divided into two types—basic life and psychological medical service guarantees. While considering the full coverage of shelter needs, capacities, and budget constraints, the shelter distance, the optimized distribution of refugees, and the pre-stock quantity of goods are optimized. The facility service quality is optimized on the basis of qualitative factors. This study proposes a multi-standard constrained site selection model to optimize the pre-disaster shelter site-allocation problem. The model is helpful for decision makers to influence shelter siting and victims’ allocating process through their expertise and to obtain a solution that compromises multiple objectives. In this study, several basic cases are generated from the actual data of certain areas in Sichuan Province, a disaster-prone region in China, to verify the effectiveness of the model.
Highlights
The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies defines a disaster as a sudden, catastrophic event that severely undermines the function of a community or society and causes human, material, economic, or environmental damage beyond the capacity of the community or society to use its own resources [1]
The obtained solution can meet the different needs of victims to the greatest extent with limited rescue funds
It helps decision makers to benefit from the comprehensive expertise of multiple decision-making experts, using their knowledge to optimize shelter locations and allocation processes
Summary
The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies defines a disaster as a sudden, catastrophic event that severely undermines the function of a community or society and causes human, material, economic, or environmental damage beyond the capacity of the community or society to use its own resources [1]. As “life shelters,” are important infrastructures to ensure public safety They can provide food, accommodation, or medical care for the affected people, reduce the harm of secondary disasters, and improve the ability to resist diseases to save lives. To address the needs of affected people for different types of relief resources after disasters, scholars have considered the impact of material supply on the location of emergency shelters [5,6]. Shelter location is a multi-standard site selection optimization problem, which should be classified and optimized according to the basic living and psychological medical service guarantees provided by the facilities. It combines with the material storage and shelter condition.
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