Abstract
Power-to-gas is an energy storage and vector technology which can utilize off-peak power, assist in the integration of renewable power and provide needed fuel for industry and transportation. Further, power-to-gas is a useful technology for balancing surplus baseload and renewable energy generation with demand. There are numerous applications of power-to-gas in Europe, where renewable power is used to generate hydrogen for numerous applications. Examining each of these power-to-gas pathways across quantitative and qualitative criteria, this paper utilizes the stochastic fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to determine criteria weights. These weights are then fed to a multiple criteria decision analysis tool to determine the viability of each pathway for investors and policy makers. A sensitivity analysis is carried out by reprioritizing the criteria and re-evaluating the multiple criteria analysis. The two pathways that score highest under multiple criteria rankings are power-to-gas to mobility-fuel and power-to-gas-to-power, due to their established technologies, lower costs and environmental performance. By extension, both of these power-to-gas pathways are the most appropriate ways for this technology to be implemented, due to their combination of public familiarity, emissions reductions, and developed, available technologies.
Highlights
Today, most developed and developing countries adopt strict strategies to utilize renewable energies as clean alternative sources of power
The power-to-gas to power pathway greenhouse gas reduction is determined by comparing the average amount of emissions produced by the electric grid with that from renewable energy produced and stored in a hydrogen fuel cell
To provide a sensitivity analysis, which put the emphasis on profitability and greenhouse gas reductions
Summary
Most developed and developing countries adopt strict strategies to utilize renewable energies as clean alternative sources of power. Using renewable sources without energy storage would leave the grid prone to intermittent periods where the supply and demand for power would not match. This disjunct between supply and demand includes the situation of excess power, which must be sold at a loss to balance the system [2]. Only power-to-gas energy storage is equipped for storing vast quantities of energy and for transporting energy long distances with minimal losses [3,4,5,6]. Addition, a power-to-gas system can becan used to transport energy longlong distances using the the inherent efficiency of pipelines.
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