Abstract
This paper presents the results of analyzing the efficiency of the following five fuel types: dry coal, wet coal processing waste, coal–water slurry, and two waste-derived slurries. In the calculations, we employed 16 criteria related to the energy industry, economy, social aspects, safety at plants, and environmental protection. We used the experimental data, obtained from the combustion of the fuels under study at three heating temperatures (700 °C, 800 °C, and 900 °C). Three countries were analyzed, where all of them have a high share of using fossil fuels in the energy industry: Japan, China, and Russia. The total performance indicator was calculated using three multiple-criteria decision analysis techniques (weighted sum method, weighted product method, and analytic hierarchy process). The choice of weight coefficients was confirmed for each method. We found that coal and coal–water slurry had the lowest integral efficiency indicators (0.016–0.535 and 0.045–0.566, respectively). The maximum effect was achieved when using waste-derived slurry with used turbine oil (0.190–0.800) and coal processing waste (0.535–0.907). There were, on average, 3%–60% differences in the integral efficiency indicator for the same fuel in different countries. The difference in the efficiency indicator of the same fuel in different countries was on average 3%–60%; with changes in temperature, the difference in efficiency was 5%–20%; and when changing the calculation procedure, the difference was 10%–90%.
Highlights
The energy sector worldwide is very slowly restructuring towards biofuel and renewable energy development
The cost of composite fuel is calculated as the total aromatic hydrocarbon, particulate matter (PM), hydrogen chloride, metals, polychlorinated cost of its components, considering their fractions in the fuel mixture
We can see that coal featured as the lowest indicator, and the slurries outrated it to a greater or lesser degree
Summary
The energy sector worldwide is very slowly restructuring towards biofuel and renewable energy development This is connected with several factors that have been discussed in many studies (e.g., References [1,2,3]). One of the most remarkable trends of recent years is the investigation of different ways of producing energy from waste and biomass [4,5]. This field is developing rapidly since current rates of production and consumption result in large amounts of products suitable for secondary energy generation [6,7]. The high interest of the scientific community in them is an important prerequisite for waste and bioresources to become one of the basic alternative energy sources in many countries in the future
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