Abstract
The optimal integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) is a multiobjective and complex combinatorial optimization problem that conventional optimization methods cannot solve efficiently. This paper reviews the existing DER integration models, optimization and multi-criteria decision-making approaches. Further to that, a recently developed monarch butterfly optimization method is introduced to solve the problem of DER mix in distribution systems. A new multiobjective DER integration problem is formulated to find the optimal sites, sizes and mix (dispatchable and non-dispatchable) for DERs considering multiple key performance objectives. Besides, a hybrid method that combines the monarch butterfly optimization and the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is proposed to solve the formulated large-scale multi-criteria decision-making problem. Whilst the meta-heuristic optimization method generates non-dominated solutions (creating Pareto-front), the TOPSIS approach selects that with the most promising outcome from a large number of alternatives. The effectiveness of this approach is verified by solving single and multiobjective dispatchable DER integration problems over the benchmark 33-bus distribution system and the performance is compared with the existing optimization methods. The proposed model of DER mix and the optimization technique significantly improve the system performance in terms of average annual energy loss reduction by 78.36%, mean node voltage deviation improvement by 9.59% and average branches loadability limits enhancement by 50%, and minimized the power fluctuation induced by 48.39% renewable penetration. The proposed optimization techniques outperform the existing methods with promising exploration and exploitation abilities to solve engineering optimization problems.
Highlights
The global energy demand is rapidly increasing with the growing population and its high reliance on modern technology and infrastructure
A market analysis and forecasting report published by International Energy Agency [10] has reported that the world’s renewable power generation capacity is estimated to grow by 50% between years 2019 to 2024 where solar power will lead by the expected growth of almost 60%
It has been estimated that by the year 2050, nearly 80% of the world energy demand would be supplied by renewables only, provided that sustainable policies and infrastructure are timely adopted across the globe
Summary
The global energy demand is rapidly increasing with the growing population and its high reliance on modern technology and infrastructure. Almost 3 billion people across the globe do not have access to modern and clean energy resources for cooking, heating and agriculture. These sectors still depend on conventional fuels like biomass/wood, kerosene and diesel [3] which increases the global carbon footprint. The world bank is continuously supporting many global clean energy development programs to increase the share of renewables. It has committed five billion USD for energy access programs during the years 2014 to 2018, out of that 1.4 billion USD was bound in 2018 [9]. It has been estimated that by the year 2050, nearly 80% of the world energy demand would be supplied by renewables only, provided that sustainable policies and infrastructure are timely adopted across the globe
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