Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis for Energy Retrofit of Residential Buildings: Methodology and Feedback from Real Application

Abstract

Decision-making in energy retrofit of existing buildings needs to consider the economic and technical criteria, as well as social and environmental ones. The main problems are to define and to aggregate these contradicting issues to support a measurable and verifiable decision process. The working hypothesis of this paper is that the ELECTRE Tri method would respond to the problem. The paper proposes and tests in a real professional environment the ELECTRE Tri method to help choose a retrofit program for collective residential buildings. The evaluation criteria used as performance indicators are defined in consultation with the decision maker and weighted by using the revised Simos’ cards method. The paper proposes to construct the renovation scenarios by combining individual actions that are mutually compatible. The methodology, the proposed criteria and the scenarios were successfully applied on a renovation project of a residential assembly composed of three buildings (67 apartments). A new solution to the problem of defining reference scenarios specific to the ELECTRE Tri method is also proposed. The main advantages of the proposed methodology are the formalization of the decision-making process within the framework of energy renovation strategies and the application of a robust multi-criteria analysis method, considering the complexity of the problem. The main drawbacks are the cost (in time and resources) for obtaining the information needed to construct the decision matrix and the precision of the weights of the criteria. The methodology implemented in Python is available in open source.