Abstract
Aim of study: We aimed to i) evaluate the effects of mulching on Tuber melanosporum mycelium biomass and seedling growth (i.e. root collar diameter and seedling height) and ii) unravel the relationship between growth in root collar diameter and mycelium abundance, in a T. melanosporum plantation.Area of study: The experimental plantation is located in the Pre-Pyrenees mountains in Catalonia, Spain.Material and methods: The experimental plantation was established in 2010 using one-year-old T. melanosporum inoculated Quercus ilex seedlings. Double-layered mulch materials were placed around the seedlings. The mulch materials were removed from randomly selected seedlings in 2015 and 2018. Soil samples were collected in 2018 at 40 and 80 cm distances from seedlings that had mulching during five and eight years, and T. melanosporum mycelium biomass was estimated by quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). Seedling root collar diameter and height were measured simultaneously when mulch materials were removed.Main results: Mulch removal time did not have significant effects on T. melanosporum mycelium biomass or seedling growth. However, mycelium biomass at 40 cm distance tended to be higher on seedlings after eight-year mulching with 0.9 mg/g soil whereas mycelium biomass was 0.4 mg/g soil after five-year mulching. A positive relationship between mycelium biomass and seedling root collar diameter was also found.Research highlights: Mulching seems to have a positive effect on truffle mycelium biomass, with nearly two times higher quantity of mycelium after eight-years compared with five-years mulching usage. Seedling root collar diameter is a good indicator of mycelium expansion in the plantation.Keywords: Black truffle; Quercus ilex; mulching; tree growth; truffle cultivation.
Highlights
The Périgord black truffle, Tuber melanosporum Vittad., known as the “black diamond of the kitchen”, has gained economic and gastronomical importance due to its unique aroma (Bonet et al, 2009)
The ectomycorrhizal status of the seedlings was evaluated according to the methodology described by Fischer & Colinas (1996), to be sure that the seedlings were properly mycorrhized with T. melanosporum and overall adequate for truffle cultivation
Mulch removal time did not have significant effects on mycelium biomass either (F1,34 = 0.09, p = 0.768), and the average truffle mycelium biomass at this distance varied from 0.07 ± 0.05 mg/g soil to 0.09 ± 0.08 mg/g soil for m8 and m5 treatments, respectively
Summary
The Périgord black truffle, Tuber melanosporum Vittad., known as the “black diamond of the kitchen”, has gained economic and gastronomical importance due to its unique aroma (Bonet et al, 2009). Truffle cultivation has become a profitable agricultural alternative in recent years (Bonet et al, 2009). Despite the progress in management practices of truffle plantations (Bonet et al, 2009; Olivera et al, 2011, 2014), there are still uncertainties on how to handle plantations to achieve regular high yields. Several studies have shown that T. melanosporum fruiting is strongly related to summer precipitation (Büntgen et al, 2012; García-Barreda et al, 2020). Climate change scenarios predict that summer precipitation would decline while water evaporation will increase driven by rising temperatures in the close future (Cramer et al, 2018) that will be impacting truffle cultivation
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