Abstract
The pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus is a complicated process involving much gene regulation. The molecular mechanism of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf in the treatment of diabetes is not fully understood. In this study, we used the Illumina HiSeq™ 2,500 platform to explore the liver transcriptome of normal mice, STZ-induced diabetic mice, and mulberry leaf-treated diabetic mice, and we obtained 52,542,956, 52,626,414, and 52,780,196 clean reads, respectively. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during the pathogenesis of diabetes in mice. The functional properties of DEGs were characterized by comparison with the GO and KEGG databases, and the results show that DEGs are mainly involved in the metabolic pathway. qRT-PCR was used to analyse 27 differential genes involved in liver expression in different groups of diabetic mice. Among the DEGs, the expression of Scube1, Spns3, Ly6a, Igf2, and other genes between the control (C) and diabetic control (DC) groups was significantly upregulated; the expression of Grb10, Mup2, and Fasn was significantly downregulated; the expression of the Sqle, Lss, and Irs2 genes between the C group and diabetic group treated with mulberry (DD) was significantly upregulated; the expression of Fabp2, Ly6a, and Grb10 was significantly downregulated; and the expression of Sqle and Lss was significantly upregulated in the DC and DD groups, but Tap1, Igf2, and Spns3 were significantly downregulated. The results of Western blot validation showed that dynamic changes in proteins, such as IGF2, Ly6a, Grb10, and UBD, occurred to regulate the incidence of diabetes by influencing the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) signaling pathway.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels and metabolic disorders of glucose, fat, and protein in the body (Ge et al, 2017)
The results of body weight measurement showed that the body weight of mice in the diabetic model group was decreased after the injection of STZ solution for 72 h, and the body weight of mice in the gavage group slowly increased after the continuous use of mulberry leaf powder for 10 weeks (Figure 1; Table S1)
The results of the fasting blood glucose measurement showed that the fasting blood glucose level in the diabetic model group was higher than 11.1 mmol/L before the administration of mulberry leaf powder
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels and metabolic disorders of glucose, fat, and protein in the body (Ge et al, 2017). Obesity is considered as a major factor to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and controlling weight gain is very important to prevent and treat diabetic disorders (Yan et al, 2016). High insulin levels in patients with an abnormal glucose regulation mechanism caused by glycosuria phenomenon must be treated to prevent the development of corresponding complications (Michels and Eisenbarth, 2011). Type II diabetes mellitus, which is different from type I diabetes mellitus, involves basal insulin secretion and basal insulin sensitivity abnormalities caused by the inheritance of multiple recessive genes. In addition to genetic factors, diabetes mellitus is associated with insulin resistance. Insulin resistance refers to the role of insulin in promoting glucose uptake resistance, with an increase in secondary compensatory insulin secretion, which can produce a series of adverse effects and a variety of pathophysiological changes to the body, and it has become the common basis for the development of some diseases (Mlinar et al, 2007)
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