Abstract
ABSTRACTThis experiment, based on the previous study on R. mori, introduces whole mulberry branch powder into the diet to treat diabetic mice. Mulberry branch bark powder (MBBP) was administered orally to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type II diabetic (T2D) mice to investigate hypoglycemic effects. After a 4-week period of diet consumption containing 5%, 10% and 20% MBBP, the fasting blood glucose, body weight and the related western blotting were measured, pathologic and immunohistochemical were observed. The 20% MBBP group showed a significant reduction in hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia; fasting blood glucose and insulin decreased from 25.0 to 14.8 mmol/L and 26.5 to 16.0 mU/L, respectively. Pathologic and immunohistochemical observation showed that MBBP administration lead to the repair of pancreas cells and restoration of insulin secretion. Dietary MBBP was associated with the decrease in the contents of 3, 4-methylenedioxeamphetamine, 8-OHdG, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase, and the increase in antioxidative ability and glucose tolerance. Western blotting (WB) analysis suggested that MBBP decreased the TNF-α levels, thus relieving inflammation and improving liver function. It also led to the downregulation of apoptosis factor expression. WB also confirmed that MBBP enhanced the gene expression of the key enzymes: insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate, p-AKT, GSK3β, glycogen synthase, G6Pase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, which are related to glucose metabolism in the liver, and increase the expression of the genes PDX-1, GLUT2, MafA, and glucokinase, related to insulin secretion. Thus, oral administration of MBBP regulated insulin secretion and effectively maintained normal levels of glucose metabolism in mice, which may be done by improving the antioxidant capacity and activating insulin signaling with T2D..
Highlights
Diabetes, a common endocrine disorder disease, has become a serious threat to human health
All the mice were in the growth phase, and the changes in body weights (BW) suggested that Mulberry branch bark powder (MBBP) had some influence on diabetic mice weight gain
After MBBP addition, Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels gradually declined with an evident dose-dependent effect
Summary
A common endocrine disorder disease, has become a serious threat to human health. Patients with diabetes often use drugs to control blood sugar levels, and regulate lipid metabolism in clinical practice, but this has its limitations. Other than the use of the mulberry leaf as a food for silkworms, its various parts, such as the root Cortex mori [3], stem or branch Ramulus mori [4], leaf Folium mori [5,6], and fruit Fructus mori [7], have many medicinal values, which have brought it to the attention of the modern drug industry. The yield of mulberry leaf and branch is high, but most is wasted as agricultural trash or firewood [8]. This has led to increasing attention being given to the waste of R. mori. Many investigations have found that the stem or branch, especially the bark, contains flavonoids, polysaccharides, alkaloid, resveratrol, volatile oil, phenolic acids and other bioactive compounds
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