Abstract
Last instars of four Afrotropical Tabanus species construct mud cylinders in which pupation occurs. This behavior is believed to ensure adult survival where mud in which these species develop becomes dry and cracked during dry seasons. Evidence of construction of mud cylinders by Tabanus atratus F. and possibly other species that construct similar mud cylinders is described from Texas. Differences between, and possible explanations for, the construction of Afrotropical and Texas mud cylinders are discussed.
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