Abstract
Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory process of bone and marrow contents. These changes in bone are primarily seen in soft tissue followed by calcified tissue. It is an opportunistic infection due to the complication of some other conditions rendering the host susceptible to disease. Consequences of this infection range from draining tract to malignant transformation. Various etiological factors are involved in origin of the disease; among them, fungal origin is rare. Specific feature in fungal osteomyelitis is the involvement of maxillary sinus with a complaint of sinusitis associated with diabetes mellitus. Here, we discuss a case of osteomyelitis with fungal infection involving the maxilla. The patient is under medication for the past five years due to diabetes.
Highlights
Maxilla is one of the primary bones of the face and forms the upper jaw
It may be due to bacterial infections such as osteomyelitis, viral infections such as herpes zoster, or fungal infections such as mucormycosis or may be due to trauma, radiation, etc
Long-term use of antibiotics or corticosteroids may result in an opportunistic fulminant fungal infection, mucormycosis, which mainly affects the immunocompromised patients. ese fungi are commonly seen in many individuals, but the symptoms were associated with a poor immune system
Summary
Maxilla is one of the primary bones of the face and forms the upper jaw. Mucormycosis is a life-threatening infection that occurs commonly in immunocompromised patients, because of diabetic ketoacidosis, neutropenia, organ transplantation, and increased serum iron levels [3]. It is an angioinvasive infection due to filamentous fungi of the class Zygomycetes and the order Mucorales [4] and was reported with an annual incidence of 0.07% and 0.29% in the patients who underwent solid organ transplant and hematopoietic cell transplants [5]. E increasing incidence of mucormycosis in India has been attributed primarily to a continued increase in patient population with uncontrolled diabetes. The environmental factors such as humid climate and high temperatures in most parts of India provide an optimum setup for these fungi to survive and perhaps contribute to the disease prevalence. Reviewing the Indian literature over the past five decades (1960–2012) showed the prevalence rate of mucormycosis as 0.14 cases per 1000 population [6]
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