Abstract
BackgroundOral cancer is often preceded by a mucosal lesion called an oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD). Many plant-derived compounds are of value in medicine. The objectives of this study were to develop a soluble mucoadhesive film containing α-mangostin (α-MG), a compound extracted from the peel of mangosteen fruit, and determine its activities against oral cancer cells, against human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) pseudovirus, and its anti-inflammatory properties.MethodsA soluble mucoadhesive film containing α-MG was prepared. Oral squamous carcinoma cell line (SCC25), murine macrophage cells (RAW264.7), and human gingival fibroblast cell line were cultured. Anticancer activity and viability of SCC25 cells in response to α-MG film solution were determined by MTT assay. HPV-16 pseudovirus was constructed and effects of the film solution on attachment and post-attachment steps of the infection were investigated. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by nitric oxide (NO) inhibition. Fibroblast cell migration was determined by in vitro scratch assay.ResultsThe soluble α-MG film showed cytotoxic effects on SCC25 cells in concentration > 125 µg/ml with IC50 of 152.5 µg/ml. Antiviral activity against HPV-16 pseudovirus was observed at attachment step, but not at post-attachment step. The film also possessed a strong anti-inflammatory effect and promoted wound healing without cytotoxicity.ConclusionsMucoadhesive film containing α-MG has a cytotoxic effect on oral squamous carcinoma cell line and an inhibitory effect on HPV-16 pseudovirus at attachment step. The α-MG film also shows a potent anti-inflammatory activity and enhances wound healing. Thus, the soluble α-MG film may have a potential role in treating oral cancer.
Highlights
Oral cancer is often preceded by a mucosal lesion called an oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD)
This study demonstrated that mucoadhesive film containing α-MG affects viability of oral cancer cell line and seems to inhibit human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) pseudovirus at the attachment step of the infection, but not at the post-attachment step
A previous study by Kwak et al [8] reported that α-MG inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell death in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner with little to no effect on normal human periodontal ligament cells
Summary
Oral cancer is often preceded by a mucosal lesion called an oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD). Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is still a significant oral health problem [1, 2]. It accounts for more than 90% of all oral cancers [3], with five-year survival rate of around 60% [4, 5]. Of all xanthones derived from the mangosteen pericarp, α-MG is the most abundant and shows potent anticancer activities against many types of cancer cell lines including OSCC cell lines [8]
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